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translate(0 250)",[405,1903,1904],{},[1075,1905,1906],{},"正：直链无支链的烷烃、异：带有一个支链的烷烃、新：带有两个支链的烷烃；正戊烷的主链是丁烷",[311,1908,1909],{"id":1909},"系统命名法",[1911,1912,1913],"h3",{"id":1913},"烃基",[1075,1915,1916],{},[1917,1918,1919],"em",{},"命名架构：位置编号-取代基-主碳链",[1911,1921,1922],{"id":1922},"烷烃的系统命名步骤",[315,1924,1925,1935,2051],{},[318,1926,1927,1928,1931,1932],{},"定主链要遵循 ",[321,1929,1930],{},"「长」「多」"," 原则\n以最长的连续碳链为主链，以此主链决定烷烃的基本名称\n当有几个相同长度的不同碳链时，选择 ",[321,1933,1934],{},"含支链最多的一个作为主链",[318,1936,1937,1938,1976,1977,1980,1981,2019,2020,2023,2024,2039,2040,2043,2044],{},"以阿拉伯数字（",[332,1939,1941],{"className":1940,"jax":336},[335],[338,1942,1947],{"style":1943,"xmlns":341,"width":1944,"height":1945,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":1946},"vertical-align: -0.452ex;","7.919ex","2.149ex","0 -750 3500 950",[348,1948,1949],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,1950,1951,1955,1961,1966,1972],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,1952,1953],{"dataMmlNode":398},[366,1954],{"dataC":550,"d":551},[348,1956,1957],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":507},[348,1958,1959],{"dataMmlNode":512},[1563,1960,1677],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},[348,1962,1964],{"dataMmlNode":398,"transform":1963},"translate(1500,0)",[366,1965],{"dataC":401,"d":402},[348,1967,1968],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":1577},[348,1969,1970],{"dataMmlNode":512},[1563,1971,1677],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},[348,1973,1974],{"dataMmlNode":398,"transform":1197},[366,1975],{"dataC":750,"d":751},"）表示取代基或官能团的 ",[321,1978,1979],{},"位置编号","\n以中文数字（",[332,1982,1984],{"className":1983,"jax":336},[335],[338,1985,1988],{"style":1943,"xmlns":341,"width":1986,"height":1945,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":1987},"11.312ex","0 -750 5000 950",[348,1989,1990],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,1991,1992,1997,2003,2008,2014],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,1993,1994],{"dataMmlNode":364},[1563,1995,1996],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},"一",[348,1998,1999],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":1571},[348,2000,2001],{"dataMmlNode":512},[1563,2002,1677],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},[348,2004,2005],{"dataMmlNode":364,"transform":1577},[1563,2006,2007],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},"二",[348,2009,2010],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":1197},[348,2011,2012],{"dataMmlNode":512},[1563,2013,1677],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},[348,2015,2016],{"dataMmlNode":364,"transform":1650},[1563,2017,2018],{"dataVariant":1565,"transform":352,"font-size":1566,"font-family":1567},"三","）表示 ",[321,2021,2022],{},"取代基个数","\n阿拉伯数字与汉字间以短横线「",[332,2025,2027],{"className":2026,"jax":336},[335],[338,2028,2031],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},"1.505ex","0 -583 778 665",[348,2032,2033],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2034,2035],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2036,2037],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2038],{"dataC":834,"d":835},"」分开，取代基则由 ",[321,2041,2042],{},"碳数少的小取代基"," 先写\n",[405,2045,2046,2047],{},"\n ",[344,2048],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2049,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.1.webp",100,[318,2052,2053,2054,2057,2058],{},"编号位要遵循 ",[321,2055,2056],{},"「近」「简」「小」"," 原则\n",[315,2059,2060,2073,2086],{},[318,2061,2062,2065,2066,2069,2070],{},[321,2063,2064],{},"首先考虑「近」","：以 ",[321,2067,2068],{},"离支链较近"," 的一端给主链碳原子编号\n",[344,2071],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2072,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.2.webp",[318,2074,2075,2078,2079,2082,2083],{},[321,2076,2077],{},"同「近」考虑「简」","：有两个不同的支链，且分别处于距主链两端同近的位置则从 ",[321,2080,2081],{},"支链较简单的一端"," 开始编号\n",[344,2084],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2085,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.3.webp",[318,2087,2088,2091,2092,2095,2096],{},[321,2089,2090],{},"同「近」同「简」考虑「小」","：若有两个相同的支链，且分别处于距主链两端同近的位置，而中间还有其他支链，从主链的两个方向编号，可得到两种不同的编号序列，两序列中各支链 ",[321,2093,2094],{},"位次和最小者"," 即为正确的编号\n",[344,2097],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2098,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.4.webp",[1911,2100,2101],{"id":2101},"单烯烃和单炔烃的命名",[315,2103,2104,2118,2128],{},[318,2105,2106,2109,2110,2113,2114,2117],{},[321,2107,2108],{},"选主链","：将 ",[321,2111,2112],{},"含有碳碳双键或碳碳三键"," 的 ",[321,2115,2116],{},"最长碳链"," 作为主链，称为「某烯」或「某炔」",[318,2119,2120,2123,2124,2127],{},[321,2121,2122],{},"编序号","：从距离碳碳双键或碳碳三键 ",[321,2125,2126],{},"最近"," 的一端对主链上的碳原子进行编号定位",[318,2129,2130,2133,2134,1286,2137,1286,2150,1286,2153,1286,2166,1286,2169,1286,2182,1286,2185,1286,2198,1286,2201,1286,2214,1286,2217,1286,2230,1286,2233,1286,2246,2249],{},[321,2131,2132],{},"写名称","：将支链作为取代基，写在「某烯」或「某炔」的前面，并用阿拉伯数字标明碳碳双键或碳碳三键的位置，写出有机物的名称\n从前到后的顺序依次为 ",[321,2135,2136],{},"简单取代基位置",[332,2138,2140],{"className":2139,"jax":336},[335],[338,2141,2142],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2143,2144],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2145,2146],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2147,2148],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2149],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2151,2152],{},"简单取代基数目",[332,2154,2156],{"className":2155,"jax":336},[335],[338,2157,2158],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2159,2160],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2161,2162],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2163,2164],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2165],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2167,2168],{},"简单取代基名称",[332,2170,2172],{"className":2171,"jax":336},[335],[338,2173,2174],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2175,2176],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2177,2178],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2179,2180],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2181],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2183,2184],{},"复杂取代基位置",[332,2186,2188],{"className":2187,"jax":336},[335],[338,2189,2190],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2191,2192],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2193,2194],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2195,2196],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2197],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2199,2200],{},"复杂取代基数目",[332,2202,2204],{"className":2203,"jax":336},[335],[338,2205,2206],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2207,2208],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2209,2210],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2211,2212],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2213],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2215,2216],{},"复杂取代基名称",[332,2218,2220],{"className":2219,"jax":336},[335],[338,2221,2222],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2223,2224],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2225,2226],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2227,2228],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2229],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2231,2232],{},"碳碳双键或三键位置",[332,2234,2236],{"className":2235,"jax":336},[335],[338,2237,2238],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2239,2240],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2241,2242],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2243,2244],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2245],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2247,2248],{},"主链名",[344,2250],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2251,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.5.webp",[405,2253,2254,2257],{},[1075,2255,2256],{},"烯烃、炔烃的命名与烷烃的命名的不同点",[315,2258,2259,2262,2265],{},[318,2260,2261],{},"主链的选取：必须是含有碳碳双键或碳碳三键的最长碳链",[318,2263,2264],{},"主链的编号：从距离碳碳双键或碳碳三键最近的一端开始编号",[318,2266,2267],{},"名称的书写：先写取代基的位置和名称，再写碳碳双键或碳碳三键的位置",[1911,2269,2270],{"id":2270},"多烯烃和多炔烃的命名",[1075,2272,2273],{},"与单烯烃或单炔烃的命名主要区分点在于主链的选择与不饱和键序号的确定。",[315,2275,2276,2288,2295],{},[318,2277,2278,2109,2280,2113,2282,2113,2285,2287],{},[321,2279,2108],{},[321,2281,2112],{},[321,2283,2284],{},"最多",[321,2286,2116],{}," 作为主链，称为「某几烯」或「某几炔」",[318,2289,2290,2123,2292,2294],{},[321,2291,2122],{},[321,2293,2126],{}," 的一端开始，双键或三键的位号由小到大排列。",[318,2296,2297,2299,2300,2303,2046,2304],{},[321,2298,2132],{},"：将支链作为取代基，写在「某几烯」或「某几炔」的前面，并用阿拉伯数字标明碳碳双键或碳碳三键的位置，写出有机物的名称。",[2301,2302],"br",{},"若分子中同时含有碳碳双键与碳碳三键，可用某烯炔作结尾，并给予双键、三键尽可能低的位号，如果位号有选择时，使双键位号比三键小，书写时先烯后炔。",[344,2305],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2306,"height":2307,"width":2308},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.19.svg",150,250,[1911,2310,2311],{"id":2311},"芳香烃的命名",[315,2313,2314,2320],{},[318,2315,2316,2319],{},[321,2317,2318],{},"基本原则","：环状化合物的命名通常选择环作为母体，从环上连有最简单取代基的碳原子开始编号",[318,2321,2322,2325,2326,2328,2329,2345,2346,2372,2373,2378,2380,2381,2384,2385,2386,2390,2391],{},[321,2323,2324],{},"苯的同系物的命名","：",[2301,2327],{},"将苯环上的 ",[332,2330,2332],{"className":2331,"jax":336},[335],[338,2333,2337],{"style":1477,"xmlns":341,"width":2334,"height":2335,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2336},"1.131ex","1.557ex","0 -666 500 688",[348,2338,2339],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2340,2341],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2342,2343],{"dataMmlNode":398},[366,2344],{"dataC":1050,"d":1051}," 个碳原子按最小位次和原则进行编号（从 ",[332,2347,2349],{"className":2348,"jax":336},[335],[338,2350,2354],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":2351,"height":2352,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2353},"5.028ex","1.692ex","0 -666 2222.4 748",[348,2355,2356],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2357,2358,2362,2367],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2359,2360],{"dataMmlNode":398},[366,2361],{"dataC":550,"d":551},[348,2363,2365],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2364},"translate(722.2,0)",[366,2366],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[348,2368,2370],{"dataMmlNode":398,"transform":2369},"translate(1722.4,0)",[366,2371],{"dataC":1050,"d":1051}," ），命名时要指出取代基的位置和名称",[315,2374,2375],{},[318,2376,2377],{},"以苯环作为命名的母体，苯环上的侧链烷基为取代基进行命名，如苯环上的一个氢原子被甲基取代称为甲苯，苯环上的一个氢原子被乙基取代称为乙苯。",[2301,2379],{},"当苯环上有两个取代基时，根据取代基在苯环上的相对位置，可分别用「邻」「间」「对」来表示，如「对二甲苯」 「邻甲基苯酚」 等；当苯环上有三个 ",[321,2382,2383],{},"相同"," 取代基时，根据取代基在苯环上的相对位置，可分别用「连」「偏」「均」来表示。","\n  ",[344,2387],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2388,"height":2389},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.6.webp",260,"\n2. 采用习惯命名法命名，当苯环上有两个不同取代基时，以较大的取代基为母体来命名\n",[405,2392,2393],{},[1075,2394,2395,2396,2399],{},"如图所示\n",[344,2397],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2398,"height":2050},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.7.webp"," 3. 当苯环上连接不饱和基团或虽为饱和基团，但体积较大或结构比较复杂时，可将苯作为取代基",[1911,2401,2402],{"id":2402},"单官能团烃衍生物的系统命名",[315,2404,2405,2411,2544],{},[318,2406,2407,2408,2410],{},"将官能团作为取代基，仍以烷烃为母体，按烷烃的命名原则来命名",[2301,2409],{},"采用这种方法的官能团有：卤素原子、硝基、（亚硝基）",[318,2412,2413,2414,2416,2417,2109,2419,2113,2422,2424,2425,2427,2428,2431,2432,2434,2435,1286,2437,1286,2450,1286,2452,1286,2465,1286,2467,1286,2480,1286,2482,1286,2495,1286,2497,1286,2510,1286,2512,1286,2525,1286,2528,1286,2541],{},"将含有官能团的最长主链作为母体化合物，其命名步骤如下：",[2301,2415],{},"① ",[321,2418,2108],{},[321,2420,2421],{},"含有母体官能团",[321,2423,2116],{}," 作为主链\n② ",[321,2426,2122],{},"：按 ",[321,2429,2430],{},"最低系列原则","（即让官能团的位置号尽可能小）依次给主链碳原子编号。\n③ ",[321,2433,2132],{},"：将支链作为取代基，然后写全名。写全名时，根据主链的碳原子数称为某 A（A = 醇、醛、酮、酸、酰卤、酰胺、腈等）\n从前到后的顺序依次为 ",[321,2436,2136],{},[332,2438,2440],{"className":2439,"jax":336},[335],[338,2441,2442],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2443,2444],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2445,2446],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2447,2448],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2449],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2451,2152],{},[332,2453,2455],{"className":2454,"jax":336},[335],[338,2456,2457],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2458,2459],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2460,2461],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2462,2463],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2464],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2466,2168],{},[332,2468,2470],{"className":2469,"jax":336},[335],[338,2471,2472],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2473,2474],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2475,2476],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2477,2478],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2479],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2481,2184],{},[332,2483,2485],{"className":2484,"jax":336},[335],[338,2486,2487],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2488,2489],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2490,2491],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2492,2493],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2494],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2496,2200],{},[332,2498,2500],{"className":2499,"jax":336},[335],[338,2501,2502],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2503,2504],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2505,2506],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2507,2508],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2509],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2511,2216],{},[332,2513,2515],{"className":2514,"jax":336},[335],[338,2516,2517],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2518,2519],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2520,2521],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2522,2523],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2524],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2526,2527],{},"母体官能团位置",[332,2529,2531],{"className":2530,"jax":336},[335],[338,2532,2533],{"style":1444,"xmlns":341,"width":1478,"height":2029,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2030},[348,2534,2535],{"stroke":350,"fill":350,"stroke-width":351,"transform":352},[348,2536,2537],{"dataMmlNode":355},[348,2538,2539],{"dataMmlNode":512},[366,2540],{"dataC":834,"d":835},[321,2542,2543],{},"母体名称",[318,2545,2546,2547,2549],{},"酯的命名",[2301,2548],{},"酯是羧酸与醇脱水缩合形成的产物，此处以乙酸苯甲酯为例：\n① 命名时先把羧酸名称放在前面，即「乙酸」；\n② 将醇的名称放在后面，先删去「醇」字，而后加上「酯」字，即「乙酸苯甲酯」。",[1911,2551,2552],{"id":2552},"含有多个相同官能团的烃衍生物的系统命名",[1075,2554,2555,2556,1166,2559,2562],{},"可参照 ",[321,2557,2558],{},"单官能团烃衍生物的命名",[321,2560,2561],{},"烯烃和炔烃的命名"," 进行",[1911,2564,2565],{"id":2565},"含多种官能团的烃衍生物的系统命名",[315,2567,2568,2723,2736],{},[318,2569,2570,2571],{},"当分子中含有多种官能团时，首先要确定一个主官能团，确定主官能团的顺序是查看下表所列顺序：",[408,2572,1258,2573,1258,2584],{},[411,2574,1258,2575,1258],{},[414,2576,1261,2577,1261,2580,1261,2582,1258],{},[417,2578,2579],{}," 母体名称 ",[417,2581,1270],{},[417,2583,1273],{},[424,2585,1258,2586,1258,2596,1258,2606,1258,2616,1258,2626,1258,2636,1258,2647,1258,2651,1258,2661,1258,2671,1258,2681,1258,2691,1258,2701,1258,2713,1258],{},[414,2587,1261,2588,1261,2590,1261,2592,1258],{},[429,2589,1384],{},[429,2591,1387],{},[429,2593,1286,2594,1286],{},[344,2595],{"alt":1289,"src":1392,"height":1291},[414,2597,1261,2598,1261,2600,1261,2602,1258],{},[429,2599,1397],{},[429,2601,1400],{},[429,2603,1286,2604,1286],{},[344,2605],{"alt":1289,"src":1405,"height":1291},[414,2607,1261,2608,1261,2610,1261,2612,1258],{},[429,2609,1423],{},[429,2611,1426],{},[429,2613,1286,2614,1286],{},[344,2615],{"alt":1289,"src":1431,"height":1291},[414,2617,1261,2618,1261,2620,1261,2622,1258],{},[429,2619,1358],{},[429,2621,1361],{},[429,2623,1286,2624,1286],{},[344,2625],{"alt":1289,"src":1366,"height":1291},[414,2627,1261,2628,1261,2630,1261,2632,1258],{},[429,2629,1371],{},[429,2631,1374],{},[429,2633,1286,2634,1286],{},[344,2635],{"alt":1289,"src":1379,"height":1291},[414,2637,1261,2638,1261,2640,1261,2643,1258],{},[429,2639,1323],{},[429,2641,2642],{"rowSpan":1329}," 羟基 ",[429,2644,1286,2645,1286],{"rowSpan":1329},[344,2646],{"alt":1289,"src":1332,"height":1291},[414,2648,1261,2649,1258],{},[429,2650,1337],{},[414,2652,1261,2653,1261,2655,1261,2657,1258],{},[429,2654,1410],{},[429,2656,1413],{},[429,2658,1286,2659,1286],{},[344,2660],{"alt":1289,"src":1418,"height":1291},[414,2662,1261,2663,1261,2665,1261,2667,1258],{},[429,2664,1345],{},[429,2666,1348],{},[429,2668,1286,2669,1286],{},[344,2670],{"alt":1289,"src":1353,"height":1291},[414,2672,1261,2673,1261,2675,1261,2677,1258],{},[429,2674,1296],{},[429,2676,1299],{},[429,2678,1286,2679,1286],{},[344,2680],{"alt":1289,"src":1304,"height":1291},[414,2682,1261,2683,1261,2685,1261,2687,1258],{},[429,2684,1280],{},[429,2686,1283],{},[429,2688,1286,2689,1286],{},[344,2690],{"alt":1289,"src":1290,"height":1291},[414,2692,1261,2693,1261,2696,1261,2699,1258],{},[429,2694,2695],{}," 烷烃 ",[429,2697,2698],{}," N\u002FA ",[429,2700,2698],{},[414,2702,1261,2703,1261,2706,1261,2709,1258],{},[429,2704,2705],{},"（一般不做母体）",[429,2707,2708],{}," 碳卤键(卤素原子)",[429,2710,1286,2711,1286],{},[344,2712],{"alt":1289,"src":1318,"height":1291},[414,2714,1261,2715,1261,2717,1261,2720,1258],{},[429,2716,2705],{},[429,2718,2719],{}," 硝基 ",[429,2721,2722],{},"（图片待补充）",[318,2724,2725,2726,2729,2730,2113,2733,2735],{},"然后，选择含有 ",[321,2727,2728],{},"主官能团"," 及尽可能含 ",[321,2731,2732],{},"较多官能团",[321,2734,2116],{}," 为主链",[318,2737,2738],{},"主链编号的原则是要让官能团的位号尽可能小。",[1075,2740,2741],{},"下面来看一个简单的实例：",[344,2743],{"alt":1289,"title":1289,"src":2744,"height":2307,"width":2745},"https:\u002F\u002Fptg90phsi6rf8j7h.public.blob.vercel-storage.com\u002Fchemistry\u002F3.20.svg",300,[405,2747,2748],{},[1075,2749,2750,2751,2729,2753,2113,2755,2757,2758,2761],{},"先确定母体为羧酸，因此该物质以「某酸」结尾\n选择含有 ",[321,2752,2728],{},[321,2754,2732],{},[321,2756,2116],{}," 为主链，该化合物较为简单，直接选取整条碳链，因此该物质为「某戊酸」。\n进行主链编号：羧基的位置被锁定在 1 号位，此时氯原子处于 3 号位，羟基处于 5 号位，因此该物质为 ",[321,2759,2760],{},"5-羟基-3-氯戊酸","。",[405,2763,2764],{},[1075,2765,2766,2767,2770],{},"至于在编号已经完全正确时，「氯」和「羟基」在命名时究竟谁写在前面，也就是 3-氯-5-羟基戊酸 这个命名是否正确的问题，其实在高考中并无刻板要求.\n只要官能团 ",[321,2768,2769],{},"编号正确","，就能拿到相应分数（目前此类复杂化合物的命名在真题中出现率相对较低）",[1075,2772,2773],{},"但是，若要刨根问底或追求精确，可以了解：",[1075,2775,2776,2777,2936],{},"先写简单基团，与取代基相连的原子序数小的基团排在前面（常见原子为 ",[332,2778,2780],{"className":2779,"jax":336},[335],[338,2781,2786],{"style":2782,"xmlns":341,"width":2783,"height":2784,"role":344,"focusable":345,"viewBox":2785},"vertical-align: -0.09ex;","34.733ex","1.686ex","0 -705 15351.9 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235Q685 233 395 96L107 -40H101Q83 -38 83 -20Q83 -19 83 -17Q82 -10 98 -1Q117 9 248 71Q326 108 378 132L626 250L378 368Q90 504 86 509Q84 513 84 520Z",[348,2811],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2812},"translate(1694.6,0)",[348,2814,2815],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2812},[348,2816,2817,2821],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2818],{"dataC":2819,"d":2820},"42","M131 622Q124 629 120 631T104 634T61 637H28V683H229H267H346Q423 683 459 678T531 651Q574 627 599 590T624 512Q624 461 583 419T476 360L466 357Q539 348 595 302T651 187Q651 119 600 67T469 3Q456 1 242 0H28V46H61Q103 47 112 49T131 61V622ZM511 513Q511 560 485 594T416 636Q415 636 403 636T371 636T333 637Q266 637 251 636T232 628Q229 624 229 499V374H312L396 375L406 377Q410 378 417 380T442 393T474 417T499 456T511 513ZM537 188Q537 239 509 282T430 336L329 337H229V200V116Q229 57 234 52Q240 47 334 47H383Q425 47 443 53Q486 67 511 104T537 188Z",[366,2822],{"dataC":2823,"d":2824,"transform":2825},"72","M36 46H50Q89 46 97 60V68Q97 77 97 91T98 122T98 161T98 203Q98 234 98 269T98 328L97 351Q94 370 83 376T38 385H20V408Q20 431 22 431L32 432Q42 433 60 434T96 436Q112 437 131 438T160 441T171 442H174V373Q213 441 271 441H277Q322 441 343 419T364 373Q364 352 351 337T313 322Q288 322 276 338T263 372Q263 381 265 388T270 400T273 405Q271 407 250 401Q234 393 226 386Q179 341 179 207V154Q179 141 179 127T179 101T180 81T180 66V61Q181 59 183 57T188 54T193 51T200 49T207 48T216 47T225 47T235 46T245 46H276V0H267Q249 3 140 3Q37 3 28 0H20V46H36Z","translate(708,0)",[348,2827],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2828},"translate(2794.6,0)",[348,2830,2832],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2831},"translate(3072.3,0)",[366,2833],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2835],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2836},"translate(4128.1,0)",[348,2838,2839],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2836},[348,2840,2841,2843],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2842],{"dataC":368,"d":369},[366,2844],{"dataC":2845,"d":2846,"transform":374},"6C","M42 46H56Q95 46 103 60V68Q103 77 103 91T103 124T104 167T104 217T104 272T104 329Q104 366 104 407T104 482T104 542T103 586T103 603Q100 622 89 628T44 637H26V660Q26 683 28 683L38 684Q48 685 67 686T104 688Q121 689 141 690T171 693T182 694H185V379Q185 62 186 60Q190 52 198 49Q219 46 247 46H263V0H255L232 1Q209 2 183 2T145 3T107 3T57 1L34 0H26V46H42Z",[348,2848],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2849},"translate(5128.1,0)",[348,2851,2853],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2852},"translate(5405.9,0)",[366,2854],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2856],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2857},"translate(6461.7,0)",[348,2859,2860],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2857},[348,2861,2862],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2863],{"dataC":2864,"d":2865},"53","M55 507Q55 590 112 647T243 704H257Q342 704 405 641L426 672Q431 679 436 687T446 700L449 704Q450 704 453 704T459 705H463Q466 705 472 699V462L466 456H448Q437 456 435 459T430 479Q413 605 329 646Q292 662 254 662Q201 662 168 626T135 542Q135 508 152 480T200 435Q210 431 286 412T370 389Q427 367 463 314T500 191Q500 110 448 45T301 -21Q245 -21 201 -4T140 27L122 41Q118 36 107 21T87 -7T78 -21Q76 -22 68 -22H64Q61 -22 55 -16V101Q55 220 56 222Q58 227 76 227H89Q95 221 95 214Q95 182 105 151T139 90T205 42T305 24Q352 24 386 62T420 155Q420 198 398 233T340 281Q284 295 266 300Q261 301 239 306T206 314T174 325T141 343T112 367T85 402Q55 451 55 507Z",[348,2867],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2868},"translate(7017.7,0)",[348,2870,2872],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2871},"translate(7295.4,0)",[366,2873],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2875],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2876},"translate(8351.2,0)",[348,2878,2879],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2876},[348,2880,2881],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2882],{"dataC":1161,"d":1162},[348,2884],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2885},"translate(9129.2,0)",[348,2887,2889],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2888},"translate(9407,0)",[366,2890],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2892],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2893},"translate(10462.8,0)",[348,2895,2896],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2893},[348,2897,2898],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2899],{"dataC":2900,"d":2901},"4E","M42 46Q74 48 94 56T118 69T128 86V634H124Q114 637 52 637H25V683H232L235 680Q237 679 322 554T493 303L578 178V598Q572 608 568 613T544 627T492 637H475V683H483Q498 680 600 680Q706 680 715 683H724V637H707Q634 633 622 598L621 302V6L614 0H600Q585 0 582 3T481 150T282 443T171 605V345L172 86Q183 50 257 46H274V0H265Q250 3 150 3Q48 3 33 0H25V46H42Z",[348,2903],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2904},"translate(11212.8,0)",[348,2906,2908],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2907},"translate(11490.6,0)",[366,2909],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2911],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2912},"translate(12546.3,0)",[348,2914,2915],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2912},[348,2916,2917],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2918],{"dataC":368,"d":369},[348,2920],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2921},"translate(13268.3,0)",[348,2923,2925],{"dataMmlNode":512,"transform":2924},"translate(13546.1,0)",[366,2926],{"dataC":2808,"d":2809},[348,2928],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2929},"translate(14601.9,0)",[348,2931,2932],{"dataMmlNode":358,"dataMjxTexclass":359,"transform":2929},[348,2933,2934],{"dataMmlNode":364},[366,2935],{"dataC":372,"d":373},"，如羟基中的氧与氯比较，氧序数较小，则氯排在前面）；而对于甲基、乙基、丙基等同为碳原子的基团，复杂度逐渐上升。该方法简便易用，且目前流传度尚广",{"title":1289,"searchDepth":1329,"depth":1329,"links":2938},[2939,2940,2941],{"id":313,"depth":1329,"text":313},{"id":1545,"depth":1329,"text":1545},{"id":1909,"depth":1329,"text":1909,"children":2942},[2943,2945,2946,2947,2948,2949,2950,2951],{"id":1913,"depth":2944,"text":1913},3,{"id":1922,"depth":2944,"text":1922},{"id":2101,"depth":2944,"text":2101},{"id":2270,"depth":2944,"text":2270},{"id":2311,"depth":2944,"text":2311},{"id":2402,"depth":2944,"text":2402},{"id":2552,"depth":2944,"text":2552},{"id":2565,"depth":2944,"text":2565},null,"介绍有机化合物的分类方法，包括官能团、同系物和各类化合物的通式，以及有机化合物的命名原则和规则。","md",{},true,{"title":118,"description":2953},"fccZAEBXSJDzvUmNS0U6U8qiMfVLu7ilRlwS5y6FA8s",[2960,2962],{"title":114,"path":115,"stem":116,"description":2961,"children":-1},"讲解有机化合物中碳原子的成键特点、碳原子间的成键方式，以及有机化合物分子组成的各种表示方法如分子式、结构式、键线式等。",{"title":122,"path":123,"stem":124,"description":2963,"children":-1},"介绍烃的分类，包括脂肪烃和芳香烃，重点讲解烷烃的结构、物理性质和化学性质如氧化、卤代和分解反应。",1778558886148]